| Listeria monocytogenes after the lethality step | Slicing, peeling, packaging and chillers for ready-to-eat products; drains, condensation, overhead structures | 2.4.8 Environmental Monitoring; 9.7.1 High-Risk Processes; 9.2.5 Cleaning and Sanitation | Risk-based swab schedule (organisms, sites, frequency), results tracked and trended, segregation of post-lethality areas, sanitation verification |
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| Salmonella, STEC and other pathogens on raw meat and poultry | Hide and feather removal, evisceration, carcass chilling, grinding | 9.4.3 Slaughtering and Butchering (pathogen control program, fecal pathogen monitoring); 2.4.3 Food Safety Plan | Antimicrobial intervention records and validation, sampling results and trends, cleaning and sterilizing skinning knives and tools between carcasses (9.4.3.4) |
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| Undercooking | Ovens, smokehouses, fryers and other lethality steps | 2.4.3 Food Safety Plan (critical limits validated, 2.4.3.11); 2.5.1 Validation and Effectiveness | Validated time and temperature critical limits, cook records, critical control point (CCP) deviation records, calibration of thermometers and recorders |
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| Growth of spore-formers such as Clostridium perfringens during cooling | Chilling and hot-holding of cooked product | 2.4.3 Food Safety Plan; 9.6.3 Cold Storage, Freezing and Chilling of Foods | Cooling (stabilization) critical limits and records, chiller performance checks |
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| Foreign material | Metal from equipment and conveyors, plastic, and bone fragments | 9.7.3 Control of Foreign Matter Contamination; 9.7.4 Detection of Foreign Objects | Detection limits set by risk assessment, detector checks and reject records, equipment inspection, glass inventory where glass is needed in handling areas |
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| Undeclared allergens | Breading, marinades, sauces, sausage seasonings, shared lines and rework | 2.8.1 Allergen Management; 2.6.1 Product Identification | Allergen risk analysis, validated changeover cleaning, label checks at product release, allergen-matched rework |
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| Drug and chemical residues | Animals treated with veterinary medicines, or exposed to heavy metals or pesticides | 9.4.2 Animal Husbandry (segregation of animals subject to controls on prohibited substances); 2.3.4 Approved Supplier Program | Supplier and livestock records, identification and segregation procedures |
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| Humane handling failures | Unloading, lairage (holding pens), stunning and slaughter | 9.4.2 Animal Husbandry; 9.4.3 Slaughtering and Butchering (humane methods and, where a two-stage process is used, a stun-to-kill interval within regulation) | Stunning effectiveness checks, staff animal handling and welfare training records, lairage conditions |
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| Specified risk materials (cattle) | Brain, spinal cord and other SRMs during slaughter and fabrication | 2.4.1 Food Legislation (no SRM-specific SQF clause); 9.4.3.7 edible and non-edible parts | SRM removal, segregation and disposal procedures that meet 9 CFR 310.22 |
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